Which of the following best describes the term "boiling point"?

The term "boiling point" is best described as the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. This process occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure surrounding it, allowing the molecules to escape into the air as gas. At this point, the liquid begins to rapidly vaporize throughout the bulk of the liquid, not just at the surface. Understanding the boiling point is crucial in many engineering and scientific applications, as it influences processes such as distillation, refrigeration, and heating systems.

In contrast, the other options refer to different physical transformations or properties. The solidification point pertains to the transition from liquid to solid, the condensation point relates to the change from gas to liquid, and specific heat capacity refers to the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance and doesn't define a phase change. Thus, option A accurately captures the definition of boiling point while the others describe separate phenomena.