What is the thermal expansion of water in a closed system?

The thermal expansion of water in a closed system refers to the increase in water volume when it is heated. When water is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, causing them to move more vigorously and push further apart from one another. This results in an increase in volume.

In practical terms, this principle is fundamental in various engineering applications, including the design of piping systems, boilers, and heat exchangers, where the effects of expansion must be considered to prevent damage or failure.

Understanding that heating causes water to occupy more space is crucial for managing systems that operate under varying temperature conditions, thereby ensuring safe and efficient operation.